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ADHD Medication in the UK Treatments for ADHD assist in reducing symptoms by increasing the activity of certain regions of the brain. They also stimulate the production of neurotransmitters which are insufficient in people with ADHD. In the UK, stimulant medications are the most commonly prescribed treatment for adults with ADHD. They increase activity in parts of the brain involved with the control of impulses and attention. Stimulants There are two kinds of drugs that are licensed in the UK to treat adult ADHD that treat ADHD in adults: stimulants and non-stimulant medicines. Stimulants are usually considered the first option because they increase activity in the regions of the brain that help regulate attention and behaviour. They include methylphenidate, known as Ritalin, and Lisdexamfetamine. They can be administered often throughout the day in a tablet with a short-acting mechanism or taken daily in a long-acting tablet which is released into the bloodstream throughout the course of a day. The dosage of the medication might require frequent adjustments in the beginning, as it is monitored and adjusted (titrated) to find the dose that is most effective for you. Stimulants are used both as recreational and medical drugs. In the 1930s, truck drivers, students and athletes used amphetamines to boost their energy. Amphetamines can be extremely dangerous and carry a high risk of abuse. They are used to make people feel good and stimulate the brain in ways that can could lead to addiction. The most frequent side effects of stimulants include loss of appetite, trouble sleeping and problems with stomach or digestive system. These problems can be reduced by altering the dosage or timing. The majority of adults are tolerant. Children may experience more severe side effects, like tics, weight gain and irritability. Non-stimulant ADHD medication functions in a different manner in comparison to stimulants and can take a while to start working. Clonidine and guanfacine (brand names Catapres and Intuniv) are alpha agonists, both of which are able to stimulate certain receptors in the brain to improve concentration, reduce the impulsivity and hyperactivity, and reduce behavioural issues such as aggression and tics. They can be used as a complement to ADHD stimulant medications or taken alone by children aged between 6 and 17. Atomoxetine is also known as Strattera is a non-stimulant medication that enhances the ability to control impulses and concentration by increasing the levels noradrenaline in the brain. It is a medication that can be prescribed on its own, but is typically combined with guanfacine in children. These drugs do not have the same side effects as stimulants but can cause headaches and insomnia. Atomoxetine While stimulant medications such as Ritalin and Adderall are generally suggested for children with ADHD Some children don't respond to them. There are alternatives to stimulants for children with ADHD. They enhance the communication between nerves and regions of the brain, assisting children to concentrate better and manage the impulsivity. Nonstimulant ADHD medicines use different active ingredients to stimulants and don't have the potential to be abused, so they aren't controlled substances. Atomoxetine (Strattera) is one of the newest non-stimulant drugs that treat ADHD in adults, children and teens. It's an antidepressant, which has been proven to lessen the symptoms of ADHD by increasing the amount of a chemical in the brain called noradrenaline. Noradrenaline is a chemical that transmits messages between brain cells. It also plays a role in impulsivity, motivation and attention. Because of its unique mechanism of action, atomoxetine does not have the same side effects that other antidepressants do, such as Wellbutrin and Effexor. It is a prescription drug for children as young as 5 and is taken orally, at least once or twice per day in tablet form. Atomoxetine offers a stable, 24 hour control over ADHD symptoms. It can help reduce the effects in the evening when the stimulants have wore off. The FDA has also approved guanfacineXR and clonidine XR, both of which are also available as non-stimulant ADHD medication. They are prescribed to children who have not been able to respond to stimulant medications or who are experiencing difficulties with its side effects. They can be used alone or in conjunction with stimulants, like Adderall XR (amphetamine salts) to offer a more effective treatment of ADHD. Follow your doctor's instructions If you or your child is being treated with a nonstimulant ADHD medication. They might recommend starting with low doses, then gradually increasing them. They will also inquire about any other medications that you or your child is taking so they can check for interactions. You'll have to make regular appointments and inform your GP know if you have any concerns or side effects from the medication. They can alter your dosage or give advice on alternative treatments, such as talking therapy. Unlicensed Medication Adult ADHD is treated using various stimulant and anti-stimulant medications. Psychiatrists may also prescribe medicines that are off-label for the condition (these are medications that are licensed for different ailments, but are now showing evidence of effectiveness in adult ADHD). These are usually antidepressants such as Venflaxine or bupropion. They have been shown to provide some benefit for the condition, and are well tolerated at lower doses. Sometimes, unlicensed drugs are prescribed to a patient in cases where there is a medical need that is so specific that the prescription cannot be fulfilled with a licensed alternative. Patients whose regular medication has been temporarily interrupted because of a disruption in supply, or patients who require a liquid version of a licensed capsule or tablet for reasons such as intolerance or allergies can all be affected. Unlicensed medications are often called “specials”. This term is also used to describe medicines that are “off-label” or have been made or delivered in a way that is not covered by the licence. This could include crushing tablets to make them easier to swallow or adding liquid to an approved capsule or tablet to make a mixture suitable to be administered via injection, or using a syringe to administer the medication subcutaneously (under the skin). Healthcare professionals typically use unlicensed medications as a last resort when they feel there is no licensed alternative. They will carefully consider the various options available to meet the individual needs of every patient. They will also examine the outcomes and treatment routinely considering their clinical experience and the availability of new licensed treatments. It is crucial that any medicine not licensed to treat patients is safe and effective, and the reason for prescribing it is recorded in the patient's medical record. If a patient experiences any side effects from an off-label treatment they must be reported to the MHRA's Yellow Card scheme. This information will be used to update the medicine's MHRA marketing authorisation and so to ensure that future prescriptions for the drug are safe and effective. Talk Therapy A talk therapist will help you understand your symptoms and help you find ways to manage them. They can also offer you guidance and advice on how to change your ways of thinking and acting to feel more positive. It is essential to complete the amount of sessions your therapist suggests since this will be key in your feeling better. The amount of neurotransmitters within your brain can help reduce ADHD symptoms. These are chemicals that allow your brain to pass on messages, and assist you in focusing your thoughts and stay clear of distractions. There are two major kinds of drugs used to treat ADHD which are stimulants and non-stimulants. They work in different ways, but all increase the availability of neurotransmitters in your brain. In the UK there are many drugs that can be used to treat ADHD. The most common medication is methylphenidate. It is available as immediate-release tablets that are taken in small doses of 2 to 3 times a day. Or as modified-release tablets, which are taken once a week but released over the course of the day. adhd medication for adults uk are not an effective treatment for ADHD however they can help to control and focus on an impulsive behavior. They are generally well tolerated, but your specialist will monitor closely to ensure that you receive the right dose and that you don't suffer any adverse consequences. The treatment can take a few weeks to reach the best level and may have to be adjusted (changed regularly) in order to find what works best for you. Non-stimulant drugs like atomoxetine (available only by prescription) are more efficient and have less chance of addiction than stimulants. They are more effective, but not as well tolerated. Some people may experience problems with memory, appetite or sleep. Your doctor will track your progress and discuss whether you should continue with Atomoxetine or switch to another treatment. Neither medications nor therapy are permanent solutions for those suffering from ADHD. They can help you cope with your symptoms, and lead a happy life. You can benefit the most from your treatment when you combine medication with regular visits to your therapist, because this gives you the chance to develop strategies for coping and recognize unhelpful patterns in your behavior and thinking. Some people's improved moods and self-confidence may last for a long time after treatment.